Mens Highland attire. (follow this link for examples)
1314 to
late 1500's
The Highlanders of this period dressed in the same fashion as the
Irish. The basic men's garb was a tunic (leine*) and cloak or
mantle (brat*). These two items alone are sufficient to depict
the common clansman--a very easy and inexpensive costume.
The tunic has been described as a woolen tunic, long shirt, smock
or saffron war-coat. These various descriptions are due to
several reasons; different observers(mostly foreign), different
purposes and different stations in life. The tunic was worn
usually to mid-thigh and sometimes to knee-length. If trews were
worn as well, then the tunic was shorter reaching to
mid-buttocks. In the western isles in the 1500's, the tunic was
longer, reaching to lower calf. The lowest level clansman would
have a simple woolen tunic in plain colors. The next level up
would have been a finer wool, perhaps in a simple checked or
tartan-like pattern. Those who could afford it would wear linen
in a looser style with large sleeves. Tunics were usually
long-sleeved, but there is evidence of elbow-length with fringed
hems.
The famous saffron shirt or war-coat (leine croich*) was simply
an aqueton ("acton") or gambeson--the padding worn
under armor/chainmail. This shirt or coat was typically made by
pleating or quilting 24 ells ( one ell is equal to 37") of
saffron-colored linen vertically in the "skirt" area,
giving rise to many erroneous claims that the kilt or belted
plaid was worn early on. More likely, the propensity of pleating
garments made for a decent padding against edged weapons and was
utilized through many centuries. Many Scots who could not afford
armor wore just their saffron shirt into battle. Poorer clansmen
wore a leather doublet or jerkin for some protection.
Some descriptions also include the fact the saffron shirt was
sewn with green and red silk thread--a luxury item not for the
poor. An interesting fact is that Henry VIII had a law passed in
Ireland reducing the number of ells to 7 which could be used to
make the saffron shirt due to the high cost of 24. Another
note---and a habit best left to the ancients---it was common for
the saffron shirt to be daubed with pitch or smeared with grease
to keep it clean (?) and help preserve it!
The cloak or mantle was rectangular although sometimes described
as semi-circular. These could be made of wool, plain or
patterned, or of hide or fur. Again, the more well-to-do clansman
would possess finer wool in brighter colors and design--either
stripes, checks or an early form of tartan. Wool mantles were
generally fringed or, more showy in appearance, tasseled. The
cloak could be worn in several different fashions; hung over the
shoulders and pinned in front, just loosely hung over the
shoulders, or wrapped around and held in the hands or tucked
under the arms.
Trews (triubhas*) were worn in varying lengths; mid-thigh much
like shorts and long to ankle and tied with straw at the ankle.
The longer trews were warmer in winter and were especially suited
for riding horses. You will find trews worn throughout Historic
Highlanders' entire time period. We find no reference as to what
they were made of at this time, so the old standbys of wool and
linen will do.
The upper-class men sometimes wore jackets emulating Irish styles
(with fancy slashed or loose sleeves).
Most Scots were too poor, of course, to own shoes. They usually
went barefoot and bare-legged (and proud of it!); hence the
derogatory nickname "redshanks" given them by the
English. The simplest and earliest form of shoe used by the
Highlanders were brogs*.
These were simple shoes of untanned hide or deerskin, laced on.
They were often pierced to allow water to drain out after
traversing boggy land. In later variations these would be
something like modern dance gillies. A style of long boot called
cuaran* was also worn. Like brogs, these were often untanned hide
or skin with the fur still on and laced up to just under the
knee. Alternate footgear would be sandal-like shoes, using one or
two wide straps of leather to hold a flat sole in place.
Those who could afford it would wear some form of stockings
(osain*) of fine wool in checkered or tartan-like patterns. One
choice was called mogan* which was a footless wool stocking
covering the lower leg from ankle to just under the knee. Most
pictures shows these being worn with bare feet. Mogans could be
laced up the back for close fit or tied at the knee with some
type of garter. These garters would simply be straw, ribbons or
the snaoim gartain* which were of woven material about 1yd. in
length. Later, the mogan was adapted and feet added to the
stocking. Stockings of the day were not knitted like the modern
hose we now see.
Except for helmets in battle, most reference is to the men
wearing no headgear during this period except for hoods which
were sometimes attached to the cloak or mantle.
Late
1500's to 1746
Probably, the most recognized of the historic Scottish dress is
the belted plaid (breacan an fheilidh or breacan fheile*). While it is well recognized
today as the predecessor of the short kilt, it had a relatively
short period of popularity in comparison to earlier garments.
The evolution and use of the belted plaid was very logical as it
was an extremely warm garment which allowed great freedom of
movement in very mountainous terrain, wet and swampy bogs and
rough moors. It could be wrapped around oneself as a bedroll or
taken off completely and used as a lean-to or tent. It is
probably one of the most unique as well as serviceable articles
of clothing ever created.
Traditionally, the belted plaid was made from two lengths of 5
ells of wool (usually tartan) stitched together to make the
garment 60 inches wide or thereabouts. The looms of the time
typically produced fabric up to 30 inches wide, thus the
requirement of stitching two pieces to obtain the desired width.
The belted plaid was worn by hand-pleating the 5 ells of length
leaving a flat apron on each end and belting it around the waist
creating a "skirt" from the waist down. The flat aprons
were worn in the front, one wrapped over the top of the other.
The excess fabric above the waist was usually pinned from behind
to the opposite shoulder of the hand which was natural for one to
use; i.e., left shoulder for right-handed man. This enabled use
of sword, pistol, etc. In cold or inclement weather the pin could
be removed and the plaid part of the garment could be used as a
cloak over the shoulders and/or head. A diagram of how to do this
is included in the picture section, although having it
demonstrated is much easier to understand!
The belted plaid was worn alone, if very poor, but usually with a
shirt, waistcoat and a jacket or doublet( cota gearr*) of some
sort. These upper garments were the same fashion as was currently
worn in France and England at the time. Shirts were normally long
and doubled as a nightshirt. These could be made of linen or
muslin for our purposes, but someone of means would wear silk
with fancy ruffle trim, for example. Colors for shirts are
normally white or natural. The styles changed somewhat during
this period and, thus far, we do not have a great deal of
information on them. The reason is that a waistcoat and jacket
was properly worn over the shirt so that's what we have for
pictorial evidence. We have included two pictures from the
pattern covers we use to make 18th century shirts.
Waistcoat styles also changed during this time period so one
needs to do one's research to chose just the right style for the
years you wish to portray. Waistcoats would be appropriately made
in wool or linen; either plain, in the popular colors of the
day--dark blue, green, brown or black, or tartan for the latter
part of our period (1700 onward). More elaborate waistcoats would
have been velvet or brocade.
Jackets or doublets also changed in style so, that too, requires
some research on your part. Scottish jackets and waistcoats were
sometimes made shorter contrary to longer styles of the day to
accommodate the bulk of the belted plaid so this should be kept
in mind as well. A doublet with slashed sleeves and breast was
popular up to about 1710.
Around 1700 when tartan waistcoats came into vogue, it became
popular to use multi-tartan designs--one for your tartan jacket (
cota fiaraidh*), another for your belted plaid or trews and , yet
another, for your hose.
All during this period, trews are appropriate to wear just as
they were during the earlier era. However, the style changed
somewhat as far as the length is concerned. We find no evidence
that the short mid-thigh trews was still being worn. Now trews
were being worn to just under the knee as breeches or all in one
piece much like tights from the waist with feet in them. They
generally laced up the back for a close fit. Tartan was usually
seen in this longer style. Wool was the most common choice of
fabric.
The Highlander of the time still would often go bare-legged and
barefoot especially in the warmer weather. The brogs mentioned
earlier would still be acceptable to wear. In the early 1600's,
tanned leather shoes are mentioned. These were made without heels
and a single thin sole. Initially, they were constructed to fit
either foot to be alternated between feet every other day. Again,
these had holes in the sides to allow drainage. Later on in the
1600's, shoes were designed to fit the individual right or left
foot, doubled-soled with leather heels. These were expensive ( 36
shillings Scot!) so only those who could afford them were able to
purchase a pair. Cheaper single-soled shoes were still being sold
and a bairn's (small child or baby) were 6 shillings.
Hose in this era could still be the mogans , but more commonly
would have feet in them. Again, these would be of woven material,
usually wool and not knitted. Tartan was the popular choice held
up by the snaoim gartain which actually referred to the special
garter knot but used as an all-encompassing term for the garters
themselves.
The short kilt ( feile beag*) became known at the very end of
Historic Highlanders' time period--so wear it, you may! There is
some controversy over who invented it and when, but that's for
the experts to debate! It was initially a single-width variation
of the belted plaid (now referred to as the feile mor* to
distinguish it from the newer version) which obviously created
just the "skirt" part of the garment. Originally, it
was hand-pleated and held in place by a belt just as the belted
plaid had been. This evolved into the modern hand-stitched pleats
of today's kilt.
The plaid (plaid*) was the leftover top half of fabric not used
for the short kilt. Men continued to wear this with the kilt as a
separate garment or cloak in various fashions which are shown in
the picture section. It was worn with trews and jacket as well ,
laid across one's shoulder. When some men took up European
fashion of plain wool breeches, waistcoat and jacket, they
continued to carry their tartan plaid over their shoulder. Today,
we find the plaid still in use, most commonly by pipe bands.
Bonnets (boneid*) of blue are first mentioned in 1650 as being
identifiable with Scots in particular. Prior to this, some sort
of bonnet was common throughout Europe in one form or another.
Dark blue was the common color, but black, gray and russet brown
are referred to as well. Originally, bonnets were knitted and
made twice the size of the finished article, then shrunk to make
it fit snugly. This felting process made the bonnet virtually
waterproof. A small piece of the bonnet brim was cut out in the
back and a piece of ribbon attached to each side of the gap. This
allowed the wearer to adjust the fit. One can see where the
ribbon trim on the modern Balmoral originated from. Circa 1720,
there is evidence of small red wool knots being sewn around the
headband, an obvious forerunner of the checkered or diced bonnets
of today. Toories (small woolen ball) and dicing on bonnets were
just becoming popular in military units during the very latter
part of our time period so should not be included in your
Historic Highlander outfit.
If you wish to embellish your bonnet, do so by adding a black
cockade, or white which showed allegiance to the Jacobite cause.
Clan badges are not appropriate in the modern form of the metal
badge/pin. A small brass pennanular with a sprig of living plant
such as pine, fern, thistle or heather is what the clansman of
old sported in his bonnet. The "plant badge", in this
most visible position, distinguished friend from foe in times of
conflict--not clan tartan as mentioned previously.
Feathers, especially eagle feathers, are not at all appropriate
for the common clansman to wear in his bonnet. This has been so
since the beginnings of "clan law", and holds true even
in modern times. Only the Chief, Chieftain, and Armiger of the
clan, as officially recognized by the Court of Lord Lyon, are
allowed this privilege.*
Womans Highland attire (follow this link for examples)
1314
to Late 1500's
During this period, the women dressed in a similar fashion to the
men--in the tunic (leine*), worn to ankle length, and cloak
(brat*). The tunic can be made of wool or linen and can have
either elbow or wrist-length sleeves. The sleeves were usually
fringed, as was the hem of the tunic rather than a stitched hem.
The tunic can be belted with same fabric, leather or rope--either
tied or simple buckle. In this period, the more natural colors
are the most appropriate with small amounts of color such as
saffron or other yellows--- although other colors mentioned
before add interest and variation so we don't all look the same.
The cloak or mantle was an outer garment and would have been made
of wool, simple check or tartan design, or of animal hide or fur.
This provided warmth and protection from cold, rain and snow. The
cloak would probably have been fastened by a brooch or pin called
a pennanular, most likely made of brass. In earlier times a
cruder wooden, bone or shell fastener might have been utilized.
Footwear also would have been the same as men's. Although women
usually went barefoot, certainly brogs* and cuarans* of hide or
fur would have been used in the colder months. To wear something
on your feet is a personal choice and is probably the most
difficult item for us to find unless you can make something for
yourself. Certainly a simple, plain leather moccasin can suffice
as long as it doesn't look like a modern bedroom slipper or an
Indian moccasin. Obviously, tan, brown, black or other natural
color is the best choice. If your footwear has a sole of
synthetic material, and it is very inconspicuous, it is
acceptable.
Information on what women wore on their heads has , thus far,
eluded us. Our advice here is that you may wear nothing on your
head for this time period---or---if you have a short and/or
modern hairdo, covering it up with the kertch gives a more
"authentic" look.
Late
1500's to 1746
Just when the old style woman's tunic/cloak ceased to be worn is
unknown, but it most likely coincided with the advent of the
belted plaid somewhere in the mid-to-late 1500's. Naturally, the
ladies wanted their own version of the breacan fheile* and the
arisaid* was the result. This was made from 2 1/2 to 3 yds. of
double-width (54 to60") wool worn lengthwise to ankles and
belted around the waist with the upper portion drawn around the
shoulders. This was fastened by a pin at the breast. The excess
fabric created a cape over the shoulders which could be pulled up
over the head like a hood for protection from inclement weather.
The pictures at the end of this section will give a better idea
what it looked like and a demonstration of how to put it on is
easier to understand than the written explanation!
It was very common for the arisaid to be striped, or of tartan
with a white background which has, erroneously, been considered a
more "feminine color", even though we see the modern
"dress" tartans of today with white backgrounds. A
better explanation of this is that dyeing wool was a long and
expensive process. Therefore, the necessity for the men to wear
darker colors for camouflage in hunting and fighting took
precedence, thus the women were left with the natural color wool.
The arisaid was strictly an outer garment like a coat, not a
combination of a principal as well as an outer garment like the
belted plaid was. It started to go out of fashion around 1700,
and by the mid-1700's was almost non-existent. Women continued to
wear the arisaid , now referred to as a plaid* in another
style---around the shoulders like a long shawl which could still
be pulled up over their heads if need be.
The women's actual costume consisted of an undergarment called a
chemise, a skirt or petticoat and some sort of bodice--be it a
jacket, vest or shortgown. Common women's dress of the day was
the same as the English or other European women wore. Except for
the arisaid or plaid, there was nothing distinctively
"Scottish" about their fashion, and thus, not much was
ever written about the remainder of their attire, as it was
considered unremarkable by the observers of the day.
The chemise was strictly an undergarment which doubled as a
nightgown. It had a drawstring neckline and sleeves and fancy
ones would have ruffles. Over this was worn the skirt or
petticoat. The style was gathered at the waist, in those days, by
a drawstring. We certainly can use more modern methods such as a
waistband with elastic in the casing (it doesn't show!) or
buttons. Some sort of bodice was always worn to cover the upper
half of the chemise. This could be a sleeveless vest which either
laced up front or back, or the front could be pinned to keep
closed. This was less common than a jacket or shortgown, however,
which had sleeves and pinned in the front in lieu of buttons.
Footwear, again, is optional. Women, for the most part,
especially in rural areas, did not wear shoes except for the one
pair they might own and saved for going to kirk(church). Again,
not much is found in description so we refer you to the
pictorials. However, in the late 1600's, there is one reference
to ladies shoes with double soles and leather heels at 20
shillings Scot---again, for the well-to-do!
Hose or stockings are mentioned in some costuming books as worn
by some women. The description is vague and one is welcomed to
try to decipher it! As this is one of those items of clothing
that doesn't show under the skirt, it is not essential to pay too
much attention to this. Certainly, if you wear hose, try to wear
something dark or beige and non-descript which won't call
attention to your ankles when you walk (like neon colors or
athletic socks) Black, brown or beige tights or high socks are a
good choice.
The tradition of the female covering her head in some fashion or
another upon reaching a certain age or marriage is not exclusive
to Scotland. This has been true throughout many cultures
including Europe for centuries and continues, even today, in many
third world countries.
This custom was taken very seriously in Scotland--especially in
the Highlands--as it was tied to religious beliefs. In those
days, one did not want to be accused of non-religious
beliefs.....being convicted of witchcraft had very final results!
The kertch (currac*) was worn by all women once they reached a
certain age and, by custom, the morning after marriage. For many
a woman, this was her finest and most treasured article of
clothing. Women of means had several kertches.
The kertch is a piece of white linen measuring one yd square. It
was traditionally rolled from one corner in half towards the
center, thus creating a triangle symbolizing the Trinity. The
rolled band was centered on the forehead at the hairline and the
ends tied or pinned at the back of the neck. Folding the square
in half to form the triangle works as well.
Mob caps and day caps were worn as well during our time period.
Detailed information on these is scarce, thus far, so as more
research material becomes available, more info will be added.
Accessories
Belts----Belts can be made of leather,
rope (such as hemp) or woven material. The material you use
depends on what the belt is being used for, so, if you need help,
just ask someone on the committee. Early in the period,
Norman-style belts were popular among the men(the modern strap
and buckle around clan badges is similar). Later on, ladies'
belts were like Norman belts, hanging down nearly to the ankles.
Women of means would have a silver end decorated with coral or
other stones. Plainer belts would be decorated with brass tip.
Buckles----These can be made of wood, iron,
pewter, brass or horn. Again, it depends what you are going to
use it for. For example, wood could be used for clothing but
would not be strong enough for a sword belt. Metal would be a
better choice in that case. Buckles on shoes are not appropriate
until 1600-1650-ish.....and when used would be pewter, brass or
silver for a person of means. Dull or antiqued metals rather than
shiny are preferable as well.
Buttons----Buttons should be made of wood,
bone, horn/antler, shell, stone, brass, pewter( again
dull/antiqued) or silver if depicting someone of means. The
plainer the better but a simple design or a Celtic design is
appropriate.
Jewelry----Jewelry was fairly simple
although the Celts certainly had very intricate and beautiful
designs and these are most acceptable. The one piece of jewelry
which absolutely should not be worn for Historic Highlander
purposes is the kilt pin. This was invented in the Victorian
era---way beyond our time period. Another no-no are the
translucent, faceted purple and yellow/gold cairngorm stones
which look like amethyst and topaz. Fancy stones of that nature
would have been primarily the privilege of the wealthy. Natural
stones are more appropriate for us to be using in pins, sgian
dubh's, etc. Pennanulars can be of plain brass or pewter and have
decoration of natural stones, for example. Silver jewelry would
have been worn only by wealthier people.
Pouches and
Sporrans----Simple
leather or fabric pouches would have been worn in the earlier
time periods by the men and for all periods for the women.
Sporrans, for Historic Highlander purposes should be of softer,
pliable leather or fur and as plain as possible. The beautiful
silver trim used today should be avoided. Tooling a simple design
on the leather is fine---Celtic knot or thistle, for example. The
long horsehair sporrans that came along in Victorian times are
beautiful but not for our time period.
Sgian dubh*--We mention this here because it
has become a popular item included with the costume. It has never
been considered a weapon, as such, but a utility knife which,
mostly likely, everyone carried. The custom of wearing it tucked
into the hose became popular in the late 1700's. Prior to that it
was probably carried in the pouch, sporran or somewhere concealed
on one's person. It was custom to leave one's weapons outside the
door as one entered another's home and hospitality for a meal. As
the sgian dubh was used during the meal, it came about that the
concealed knife was tucked into the hose as a courtesy to be seen
by your host upon entering his home. So, wearing it in the hose
or elsewhere is your choice. If you do carry the sgian dubh, be
sure the hilt is made of antler or wood with no faceted stones
Fabrics----Colors/Dyes----Tartan
Just as what
we wear is important, as far as the historical aspects, so are
the types of material that our costumes are made of. While its
virtually impossible to be totally exact, there are certain
fabrics and colors to provide a reasonable facsimile of the era
we wish to portray. The following offers some guidance in the
appropriate fabrics, colors/dyes and the use of tartan.
Fabrics---Obviously, natural fabrics are
the most appropriate such as cotton/muslin, linen and wool.
Blended material can be used as long as the appearance is of the
natural fiber. The weave of the fabric should be loosely woven
or, even better, look as though it were homespun. This is
especially true if your costume is depicting the earlier part of
our period when cruder methods of construction were used.
Wool can be a choice for tunics, cloaks,
trews, bonnets, jackets, the belted plaid, the kilt, arisaid,
skirt and bodice. Linen is appropriate for tunics, skirts,
bodices, shirts and the ladies' kertch. Cotton/muslin is usually
used for shirts, chemises and ladies' caps. Hides and furs of
deer, goat and rabbit, for example, were used to create footwear,
cloaks, vests and accessories such as belts, sporrans, scabbards,
etc.
Colors/Dyes---Colors demand our attention as
well. Although the Highlanders were fond of color, it wasn't
always practical for them to dye their fabrics, especially wool.
It took many weeks of soaking to allow the dye to hold. They
could not spare their few precious iron cooking pots to allow for
this long process. Therefore, the beiges, grays and browns of the
undyed material were the most common of the day. When the
Highlanders did use dye, yellow and brown were the most popular
shades, as saffron flowers, lichen and tree bark which provided
these colors were fairly plentiful. Black, red, purple and blue
were favored as well. While shades of green were attainable,
bright green was a difficult color for the Highlanders to
produce, so, that color should be avoided for our purposes.
Obviously the bright, vibrant modern colors of today are not
proper(i.e. neon pink!!!)
During Historic Highlanders' time period there were no
mineral/chemical dyes such as in use today. All dyes came from
some form of plant life so the resulting colors were subject to
such variables as the maturity of the plant, mineral content of
the water used, varying temperature/climate changes and the other
substances used in the dying process. Plant dyes are also subject
to fade with time, washing and exposure to light. Those initial
dark blues and greens, etc., didn't stay that way for
long------so, if you find a suitable fabric which looks as if it
has faded from a darker color, it might be ideal for your outfit!
Tartan---The origins of tartan are steeped
in mystery---no one knows when or where it originated , but we do
know that it has been in use for many centuries before our time
period. Even the source of the word "tartan" has been
the subject of many conjectures. Tartan is a word unknown in
Gaelic and among the Highlanders it was referred to as
"breacan", meaning checkered. One of the earliest known
written references is contained in a letter from the Bishop of
St. Andrews to King Malcolm Ceann-mor in the late 11th century.
There are many controversies over tartan, but for the purposes of
our costuming , we'll stick to the most controversial one---that
of the clan or family tartans.
Many arguments abound about just when tartan designs were
assigned to specific clans or families. Certainly the facts that
:
1. Plant dyes were unpredictable to produce a
standard set of colors
2. Plant life varied from one geographical area
to another
3. The Highlands were extremely remote with no
road system other than crude cart paths making travel and
communication from one area to another very difficult
4. No one had the means to produce enough
quantity for commercial use
would all lend credence to the belief that clan or family tartans
would have been virtually impossible. Indeed, John Telfer Dunbar,
a recognized expert in Scottish costume and tartans, in over 50
years of research, has not found one example, nor mention, of
clan/family tartans before the very late 1700's.
The clan tartan, therefore, is not recommended for historic
costume use, as it is not of our time period. There is, however,
one very recognizable and popular exception which certainly can
be used , and that is the "Black Watch". This sett
dates from the mid-1700's and was originally called the
"governmental tartan." It has been in constant use
since the raising of the Black Watch regiment in 1739. Any un-named
variation of the Black Watch or other un-named tartans
of the appropriate colors are more suitable for our purposes.
Dictionary of Gaelic Terms
Arisaid------(air-i-sayed)..................................................Woman's
outer garment
Boneid------(bon-ayt).......................................................Bonnet
Brat------(braht)...............................................................Cloak,
mantle
Breacan an fheilidh------(brek-kahn ahn fay-lee)
.............Belted Plaid
Breacan fheile------(brek-kahn
fay-luh).............................Belted Plaid
Brog-----(brogue).............................................................Shoe
Cathdath or Ca'da'------(cah-dah).....................................Tartan
hose
Cota fiaraidh------(coat-ah
fee-ree)..................................Tartan jacket with
cloth cut on the bias
Cota gearr------(coat-ah
geh-arr).....................................Man's plain doublet
or jacket
Cuaran------(koo-urr-ahn).................................................Boot
Currac------(kuh-ruhk)......................................................Kertch
Dealg------(delgh).............................................................Pin,
fastener
Feile-beg------(fay-luh
beg)..............................................The little
kilt, the modern kilt
Feile-mhor------(fay-luh
more)............................................The great kilt
or the belted plaid
Leine------(lay-nuh)..........................................................Tunic,
smock
Leine-croich------(lay-nuh kroych ---ch as in
loch)...........Saffron shirt or war-coat
Mogan------(mogg-in).......................................................Footless
wool hose
Osain------(osh-un)...........................................................Hose,
stockings
Plaid------(played).............................................................Blanket
is literal translation but worn as shawl or cloak
Sgian dubh------(skeen-doo)..............................................Knife
black or black knife
Snaoim gartain------(snym
gar-tin).....................................Garters or more
literally, the garter knot tied at the end of yard-long woven
garters
Sporan------(spore-ran).....................................................Sporran
or purse
Triubhas-----(trues)..........................................................Trousers
or trews
Copyright 
2000 Historic Highlanders